Touch sensor and display apparatus

ABSTRACT

A touch sensor that may detect an object away from the sensor is provided. The touch sensor includes one or more drive electrodes; one or more detection electrodes forming capacitance in cooperation with the respective drive electrodes; a detection circuit applying drive signals to the respective drive electrodes to detect the object based on detection signals obtained from the respective detection electrodes in response to the respective drive signals; and a controller controlling to change a range of electric flux lines generated between the drive electrodes and the detection electrodes.

The present application is a continuation application of applicationSer. No. 14/226,460 filed on Mar. 26, 2014, which is a Continuation ofU.S. Ser. No. 12/796,455, filed Jun. 8, 2010, which claims priority toJapanese Patent Application No. JP2009-155827 filed in the JapanesePatent Office on Jun. 30, 2009 and Japanese Patent Application No. JP2010-050483 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on Mar. 8, 2010, theentire content of which are hereby incorporated by reference. U.S.patent application Ser. Nos. 14/226,460 and 12/796,455 are alsoincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a display device such as liquid crystaldisplay device, and particularly relates to a capacitance-type touchsensor that may be inputted with information by contact or approach of auser with a finger, and to a display device having such a touch sensor.

Description of Related Art

A display device is recently noticed, in which a contact detector,so-called touch panel, (hereinafter, called touch sensor) is directlyattached onto a liquid crystal display device, and various button imagesare displayed on the liquid display device as a substitute for typicalbuttons so as to enable information input. In a trend of increase insize of a screen of a mobile device, this technique provides a greatmerit of space saving or reduction in number of components because adisplay arrangement may be combined with a button arrangement. However,the technique has had a difficulty that a touch sensor is attached andtotal thickness of a liquid crystal module is thus increased.Particularly, in a mobile device application, the following difficultyhas occurred: since a protective layer is necessary for preventingscratches on the touch sensor, a liquid crystal module tends to beincreased in thickness contrary to a trend.

Thus, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-9750proposes a liquid crystal display element with a touch sensor, on whicha capacitance-type touch sensor is formed, for reducing thickness. Inthe liquid crystal display element, a conductive film for a touch sensoris provided between an observation-side substrate of a liquid crystaldisplay element and a polarizing plate for observation disposed on anouter surface of the substrate, and the capacitance-type touch sensorusing an outer surface of the polarizing plate as a touch surface isformed between the conductive film for a touch sensor and the outersurface of the polarizing plate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However, in the liquid crystal display element with a touch sensordisclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-9750, theconductive film for a touch sensor is principally necessary to be at thesame potential as that of a user, and therefore the user needs to besecurely grounded. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element isactually hard to be used for a mobile device application although theelement may be used for a stationary television receiver that issupplied with power through an outlet. Moreover, in such a technique,circuit portions such as a touch sensor drive section and a coordinatedetection circuit are structurally necessary to be separately providedfrom a display drive circuit section of the liquid crystal displayelement, and therefore overall circuits of a device are hardlyintegrated.

Thus, a touch detection electrode forming capacitance with a commonelectrode, which is originally provided for applying a display drivevoltage, is considered to be provided in addition to the commonelectrode (display device having a newly structured, capacitance-typetouch sensor). Since the capacitance changes depending on contact orapproach of an object, if the display drive voltage applied to thecommon electrode by a display control circuit may be used (commonlyused) even as a touch sensor drive signal, a detection signal dependingon change in capacitance is obtained from the touch detection electrode.In addition, when the detection signal is inputted to a predeterminedtouch detection circuit, contact or approach of an object may bedetected. Moreover, according to such a method, a display device with atouch sensor may be provided, the display device being adaptable for amobile device application in which user potential is often unfixed. Inaddition, a display circuit and a sensor circuit are easily integratedon one circuit board, leading to an advantage that circuits are easilyintegrated.

However, while the capacitance-type touch sensor, including one in theJapanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-9750 and the newlystructured touch sensor, may detect contact or approach of an object,presence of an object is hardly detected in a place distant from thetouch sensor (at a long distance). If an object at a long distance maybe detected, information may be inputted at a position distant from thetouch panel without touching the touch panel, therefore the touch sensormay be expected to be used for various applications. Therefore, a touchsensor, which may detect presence of an object at a long distance, isdesired to be achieved.

It is desirable to provide a capacitance-type touch sensor that maydetect presence of an object even in a place distant from the sensor,and a display device having such a touch sensor.

A touch sensor according to an embodiment of the invention includes oneor more drive electrodes, one or more detection electrodes formingcapacitance in cooperation with the respective drive electrodes, adetection circuit applying drive signals to the respective driveelectrodes to detect an object based on detection signals obtained fromthe respective detection electrodes in response to the respective drivesignals, and a controller controlling to change a range of electric fluxlines generated between the drive electrodes and the detectionelectrodes.

A first display device according to an embodiment of the inventionincludes a plurality of display pixel electrodes, one or more commonelectrodes provided to face the display pixel electrodes, a displaylayer, a display control circuit controlling image display performanceof the display layer through applying an image-signal-based-voltagebetween the display pixel electrodes and the common electrodes, and thetouch sensor according to the embodiment of the invention.

A second display device according to an embodiment of the inventionincludes a plurality of display pixel electrodes, one or more commonelectrodes provided to face the display pixel electrodes, a displaylayer, a display control circuit controlling image display performanceof the display layer through applying an image-signal-based-voltagebetween the display pixel electrodes and the common electrodes, one ormore sensor-purpose drive electrodes, one or more sensor-purposedetection electrodes forming capacitance in cooperation with therespective sensor-purpose drive electrodes, and a detection circuitapplying sensor-purpose drive signals to the respective sensor-purposedrive electrodes to detect an object based on detection signals obtainedfrom the respective sensor-purpose detection electrodes in response tothe respective sensor-purpose drive signals. The common electrodes alsoserve as the sensor-purpose drive electrodes, and the common electrodesare supplied with the sensor-purpose drive signal having a voltagelarger than a voltage of the display-purpose common drive signal.

In the touch sensor and the first display device according to theembodiments of the invention, the (sensor) drive signal is applied tothe drive electrode, thereby capacitance formed between the (sensor)drive electrode and the (sensor) detection electrode is changeddepending on presence or absence of an object. A detection signal inaccordance with such change in capacitance is obtained from thedetection electrode. The controller changes a range of an electric lineof force generated between the drive electrode and the detectionelectrode, thereby the detection circuit detects presence of an objectbased on a detection signal obtained in accordance with the range.

In the second display device according to the embodiment of theinvention, the sensor drive signal is applied to the sensor driveelectrode, thereby capacitance formed between the sensor drive electrodeand the sensor detection electrode is changed depending on presence orabsence of an object. A detection signal in accordance with such changein capacitance is obtained from the detection electrode. The commonelectrode for display is commonly used as the sensor drive electrode,and the common electrode is applied with a sensor drive signal beinglarge compared with a common drive signal, thereby detection sensitivityis improved.

According to the touch sensor and the first display device of theembodiments of the invention, since the controller changes a range of anelectric line of force generated between the drive electrode and thedetection electrode, presence of an object may be detected not only inthe case that the object contacts or approaches the touch sensor, butalso in the case that the object is located in a place distant from thetouch sensor. According to the second display device of the embodimentof the invention, since the common electrode for display is commonlyused as the sensor drive electrode, and the common electrode is appliedwith a sensor drive signal being large compared with a common drivesignal, detection sensitivity is improved and thus presence of an objectmay be detected even in a place distant from the touch sensor.

Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention willappear more fully from the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a diagram which illustrates operation of a touch sensordisplay device according to an embodiment of the invention, showing anoncontact state of the display.

FIG. 1B is a diagram which illustrates operation of a touch sensordisplay device according to an embodiment of the invention, showing anoncontact state of the display and touch detection circuitry.

FIG. 2A is a diagram which illustrates operation of a touch sensordisplay device according to an embodiment of the invention, showing acontact state of the display.

FIG. 2B is a diagram which illustrates operation of a touch sensordisplay device according to an embodiment of the invention, showing acontact state of the display and touch detection circuitry.

FIG. 3A is a diagram which illustrates a detection signal Vdet of thetouch sensor display according to an example of the present invention.

FIG. 3B is a diagram which illustrates a Vcom signal of the touch sensordisplay according to an example of the present invention in relation tothe detection signal Vdet.

FIG. 4A illustrates relative separation in a long-distance detectionmode for the touch sensor display device according to an exemplaryembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4B illustrates relative separation in a middle-distance detectionmode for the touch sensor display device according to an exemplaryembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4C illustrates relative separation in a short-distance detectionmode for the touch sensor display device according to an exemplaryembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4D illustrates relative separation in a contact position detectionmode for the touch sensor display device according to an exemplaryembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a section diagram showing a schematic structure of a displaydevice according to a first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of a detailedconfiguration of each of a pixel structure and a driver of the displaydevice shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a perspective diagram showing a configuration example ofrelevant parts (a common electrode and a sensor detection electrode) ofthe display device shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of adetection circuit and the like of the display device shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a first state for aline-sequential drive operation of a common electrode according to acomparative example.

FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram showing an example of a second state fora line-sequential drive operation of a common electrode according to acomparative example.

FIG. 9C is a schematic diagram showing an example of a third state for aline-sequential drive operation of a common electrode according to acomparative example.

FIG. 10 A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a first state fora line-sequential drive operation of the common electrode of the displaydevice shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 10 B is a schematic diagram showing an example of a second statefor a line-sequential drive operation of the common electrode of thedisplay device shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 10 C is a schematic diagram showing an example of a third state fora line-sequential drive operation of the common electrode of the displaydevice shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 10 D is a schematic diagram showing an example of a fourth statefor a line-sequential drive operation of the common electrode of thedisplay device shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 11 A is schematic diagram illustrating a range of each electricline of force in a long-distance detection mode for the display deviceshown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 11 B is schematic diagram illustrating a range of each electricline of force in a position detection mode for the display device shownin FIG. 5.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing detection-mode change operation of thedisplay device shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 13A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a first state fora detection electrode of a display device according to a secondembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13B is a schematic diagram showing an example of a second state fora detection electrode of a display device according to a secondembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13C is a schematic diagram showing an example of a third state fora detection electrode of a display device according to a secondembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13D is a schematic diagram showing an example of a fourth state fora detection electrode of a display device according to a secondembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14A is a schematic diagram illustrating a range of each electricline of force in a long-distance detection mode for the display deviceshown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 14B is a schematic diagram illustrating a range of each electricline of force in a position detection mode for the display device shownin FIG. 13.

FIG. 15A is a schematic diagram showing relative voltage for an invertedwaveform of a detection drive signal in a long-distance detection modeaccording to a third embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 15B is a schematic diagram showing relative voltage for an invertedwaveform of a detection drive signal in a middle-distance detection modeaccording to a third embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 15C is a schematic diagram showing relative voltage for an invertedwaveform of a detection drive signal in a short-distance detection modeaccording to a third embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 15D is a schematic diagram showing relative voltage for an invertedwaveform of a detection drive signal in a position distance detectionmode according to a third embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 16 is a timing chart showing application timing for each of adetection drive signal and a display common-drive signal according to afourth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 17 is a timing chart according to a comparative example of theembodiment shown in FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 is a timing chart showing relative timing for each of a drivesignal, a video signal, and gate potential of TFT according to a fifthembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 19A is a diagram illustrating relative behavior of each of a drivesignal Vcom and pixel potential Vpix immediately before writing of avideo signal according to a comparative example.

FIG. 19B is a diagram illustrating relative behavior of each of a drivesignal Vcom and pixel potential Vpix immediately after writing of avideo signal according to a comparative example.

FIG. 20 is a timing chart showing each of a drive signal, a videosignal, and gate potential of TFT according to a sixth embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 21 is a timing chart showing another example of the drive signalsshown in FIG. 20.

FIG. 22 is a section diagram showing a schematic structure of a displaydevice according to modification 1.

FIG. 23 is a section diagram showing a schematic structure of a displaydevice according to modification 2.

FIG. 24 is a section diagram showing a schematic structure of a displaydevice according to modification 3,

FIG. 25A is a section diagram showing a detailed configuration of partof a pixel substrate of the display device.

FIG. 25B is a plan diagram showing a detailed configuration of part of apixel substrate of the display device in FIG. 23.

FIG. 26A is an expanded perspective diagram of a relevant part of thedisplay device shown in FIG. 23 illustrating a non-voltage applicationstate.

FIG. 26B is an expanded perspective diagram of a relevant part of thedisplay device shown in FIG. 23 illustrating a voltage applicationstate.

FIG. 27A is a section diagram illustrating operation of the displaydevice shown in FIG. 23 in a first state.

FIG. 27B is a section diagram illustrating operation of the displaydevice shown in FIG. 23 in a second state.

FIG. 28 is a perspective diagram showing an exemplary display deviceaccording to each of the embodiments.

FIG. 29A is a front perspective diagram of a digital still camera havingthe exemplary touch screen of the present invention.

FIG. 29B is a rear perspective diagram of a digital still camera havingthe exemplary touch screen of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a perspective diagram showing a computer having the exemplarytouch screen of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a perspective diagram showing a camera having the exemplarytouch screen of the present invention.

FIG. 32A is a top plan view of a phone in an opened state having a touchdisplay according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32B is a side view of a flip-phone in an opened state having atouch display according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 32C is a top plan view of a flip-phone in a closed state having atouch display according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 32D is a side view of a flip-phone in a closed state having a touchdisplay according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 32E is another side view of a flip-phone in a closed state having atouch display according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 32F is an end side view of a flip-phone in a closed state having atouch display according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 32G is an end side view of a flip-phone in a closed state having atouch display according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described indetail with reference to drawings. Description is made in the followingsequence.

-   -   1. Principle of touch detection method, and summary of each        detection mode    -   2. First embodiment (example of gradually changing number of        electrode patterns of common electrode (sensor drive electrode))    -   3. Second embodiment (example of gradually changing number of        electrode patterns of sensor detection electrode)    -   4. Third embodiment (example of changing absolute value of        sensor common-drive signal)    -   5. Fourth to Sixth embodiments    -   6. Modification 1 (example of external touch panel)    -   7. Modification 2 (example of providing sensor detection        electrode on outer side of polarizing plate)    -   8. Modification 3 (example of using liquid crystal element of        transverse electric mode as display element)    -   9. Application examples (application examples of display device        with touch sensor to electronic devices)

Principle of Touch Detection Method

First, a principle of a touch detection method of a display deviceaccording to an embodiment of the invention is described with referenceto FIGS. 1A to 3B. The touch detection method is embodied as acapacitance-type touch sensor, in which, for example, as shown in FIG.1A, a pair of electrodes (a drive electrode E1 and a detection electrodeE2), which are opposed to each other with a dielectric D in between, areused to configure a capacitative element. Such a structure isrepresented as an equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 1B. The driveelectrode E1, the detection electrode E2, and the dielectric Dcollectively configure a capacitative element C1. One end of thecapacitative element C1 is connected to an AC signal source (drivesignal source) S, and the other end P thereof is grounded via a resistorR and connected to a voltage detector (detection circuit) DET. When anAC square wave Sg (FIG. 3B) having a predetermined frequency (forexample, about several to more than ten kilohertz) is applied from theAC signal source S to the drive electrode E1 (one end of thecapacitative element C1), an output waveform (detection signal Vdet) asshown in FIG. 3A appears at the detection electrode E2 (the other end Pof the capacitative element C 1). The AC square wave Sg corresponds to acommon drive signal Vcom described later in the embodiment.

In a noncontact (or non-approach) state of a finger, a current 10corresponding to a capacitance value of the capacitative element C1flows along with charge and discharge of the capacitative element C1 asshown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. At that time, a potential waveform at theother end P of the capacitative element C1 is, for example, as awaveform V0 in FIG. 3A, which is detected by the voltage detector DET.

In contrast, in a contact (or approach) state of a finger, acapacitative element C2 formed by the finger is added in series to thecapacitative element C1 as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. In this state, acurrent I1 or I2 flows with charge and discharge of the capacitativeelement C1 or C2. At that time, a potential waveform at the other end Pof the capacitative element C1 is, for example, as a waveform V1 in FIG.3A, which is detected by the voltage detector DET. At that time,potential at a point P becomes a divided potential determined by valuesof the currents I1 and I2 flowing through the respective capacitanceelements C1 and C2. Therefore, the waveform V1 has a small valuecompared with a value of the waveform V0 in the noncontact state. Asdescribed later, the voltage detector DET compares a detected voltage toa predetermined threshold voltage Vth, and when the detected voltage isequal to or higher than the threshold voltage, the voltage detectordetermines the state as a noncontact state, and when the detectedvoltage is lower than the threshold voltage, the voltage detectordetermines the state as a contact state. In this way, touch detection isenabled.

Summary of Detection Mode

Next, an example of detection modes of each of display devices of thefollowing embodiments is described with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4D. Inthe display devices, particularly, when an object is located in a placedistant from a display device (at a long distance) as shown in FIG. 4A,presence of an object is detected (long-distance detection mode). Whenan object contacts or approaches the display device as shown in FIG. 4D,a position (position coordinates) of the object is detected (positiondetection mode). Furthermore, gradual detection is performed even inintermediate distances between the long-distance detection mode and theposition detection mode (a middle-distance detection mode and ashort-distance detection mode). However, a distance (detectabledistance), in which an object may be detected, and positional resolutionare in a trade-off relationship as described later.

That is, when presence of a more distant object is detected, positionalresolution is reduced, and when a position of an object is detected moreaccurately, a detectable distance is decreased.

Each of the display devices is controlled such that a range of anelectric line of force, which is formed between the drive electrode E1and the detection electrode E2 described in the principle of the touchdetection method, is changed so that the detection modes are graduallyexhibited. When the range of the electric line of force extends over along distance, the long-distance detection mode is used, and when therange remains within a short distance, the short-distance detection modeor the position detection mode is used. Hereinafter, specific measuresto change such a range of an electric line of force are described indetail with embodiments and modifications.

First Embodiment

Configuration Example of Display Device IA

FIG. 5 shows a relevant-part section structure of a display device 1Aaccording to a first embodiment of the invention. In the display device1A, a liquid crystal display element is used as a display element, andpart of an electrode (a common electrode 43 described later) originallyprovided in the liquid crystal display element and a display drivesignal (common drive signal Vcom described later) are commonly used toconfigure a capacitance-type touch sensor. The display device 1Aincludes a pixel substrate 2, a counter substrate 4 disposed facing thepixel substrate 2, and a liquid crystal layer 6 inserted between thepixel substrate 2 and the counter substrate 4.

The pixel substrate 2 has a TFT substrate 21 as a circuit board, and aplurality of pixel electrodes 22 arranged in a matrix pattern on the TFTsubstrate 21.

On the TFT substrate 21, a not-shown display driver and TFT (Thin FilmTransistor) for driving each pixel electrode 22 are formed, and besides,lines are formed, including source lines (source lines 25 describedlater) supplying an image signal to each pixel electrode and gate lines(gate lines 26 described later) driving each TFT.

The counter substrate 4 has a glass substrate 41, a color filter 42formed on one surface of the glass substrate 41, and the commonelectrode 43 formed on the color filter 42. The color filter 42includes, for example, color filter layers of three colors of red (R),green (G) and blue (B), which are periodically arranged, where a set ofRGB three colors is set in correspondence to each display pixel (pixelelectrode 22). The common electrode 43 is used as a sensor driveelectrode configuring part of a touch sensor performing touch detectionoperation, and corresponds to the drive electrode E1 in FIGS. 1A and 1B.

The common electrode 43 is connected to the TFT substrate 21 by acontact conduction pole 7. The common drive signal Vcom having an ACsquare waveform is applied from the TFT substrate 21 to the commonelectrode 43 via the contact conduction pole 7. The common drive signalVcom, which defines a pixel voltage applied to the pixel electrode 22and a display voltage of each pixel, is commonly used as a drive signalof the touch sensor, and corresponds to the AC square wave Sg suppliedfrom the drive signal source S in FIGS. 1A and 1B. That is, the commondrive signal Vcom is reversed in polarity at each predetermined cycle.

A sensor detection electrode 44 is formed on the other surface of theglass substrate 41, and furthermore, a polarizing plate 45 is disposedon the sensor detection electrode 44. The sensor detection electrode 44,which configures part of the touch sensor, corresponds to the detectionelectrode E2 in FIGS. 1A and 1B.

The liquid crystal layer 6 modulates light passing through the layer 6depending on a state of an electric field, and various modes of liquidcrystal are used for the layer 6, including TN (Twisted Nematic), VA(Vertical Alignment), and ECB (Electric-Field Control Birefringence)modes.

An alignment film is disposed between the liquid crystal layer 6 and thepixel substrate 2, and between the liquid crystal layer 6 and thecounter substrate 4 respectively, and an incidence-side polarizing plateis disposed on a bottom side of the pixel substrate 2, those beingomitted to be shown.

Configuration Example of Pixel Structure and Driver

FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of a pixel structure and variousdrivers of the display device IA. In the display device IA, a pluralityof pixels (display pixels 20), each display pixel having a TFT elementTr and a liquid crystal element LC, are arranged in a matrix pattern inan effective display area 100.

Each display pixel 20 is connected with a gate line 26 connected to agate driver 26D, a signal line (source line) 25 connected to a not-shownsource driver, and each of common electrodes 431 to 43 n connected to acommon electrode driver 43D. The common electrode driver 43Dsequentially supplies the common drive signals Vcom (Vcom(1) to Vcom(n))to the common electrodes 431 to 43 n as described before. The commonelectrode driver 43D has, for example, a shift resistor 43D1, a COMselection section 43D2, a level shifter 43D3, and a COM buffer 43D4.

The shift resistor 43D1 is a logic circuit for sequentially transferringinput pulses. The COM selection section 43D2 is a logic circuitcontrolling whether or not the common drive signal Vcom is outputted toeach display pixel 20 within the effective display area 100, andcontrols output of the common drive signal Vcom depending on a positionin the effective display area 100. The level shifter 43D3 is a circuitfor shifting a control signal supplied from the COM selection section43D2 to a potential level enough to control the common drive signalVcom. The COM buffer 43D4 is a final output logic circuit forsequentially supplying common drive signals Vcom (Vcom(l) to Vcom(n)),and includes an output buffer circuit or a switch circuit.

Configuration Example of Common Electrode 43 and Sensor DetectionElectrode 44

FIG. 7 shows an example of the common electrode 43 and the sensordetection electrode 44 on the counter substrate 4. The common electrode43 is divided into a plurality of stripe electrode patterns (hereinaftercalled drive electrode patterns) extending in a right-to-left directionin the figure. Here, the common electrode 43 is divided into n (n: aninteger of 2 or more) electrode patterns 431 to 43 n. The electrodepatterns are scanned while being sequentially supplied with the commondrive signals Vcom by the common electrode driver 43D.

However, in the embodiment, when electrode patterns are sequentiallydriven, the patterns are driven along a scan direction while the drivesignals Vcom is applied by one or at least two, selective electrodepatterns. Specifically, a selective number of electrode patterns of thecommon electrode 43 are bundled, and line sequential drive is performedwith such a bundle of electrode patterns as a unit drive line. Aselective number of drive electrode patterns of the unit drive line maybe changed in accordance with control of a controller 5 described later.

The sensor detection electrode 44 includes a plurality of stripeelectrode patterns (hereinafter, called detection electrode patterns)extending in a direction perpendicular to an extending direction of thedrive electrode patterns of the common electrode 43. A detection signalVdet is outputted from each detection electrode pattern, and inputted toa detection circuit 8 described later.

In this way, each drive electrode pattern of the common electrode 43 andeach detection electrode pattern of the sensor detection electrode 44extend in directions perpendicular to each other, thereby a sensor as awhole may detect a position of an object as matrix coordinates. Thus,for example, detailed position coordinates of an object may be obtainedin a mode (position detection mode) where the common electrode 43 issequentially driven by certain drive electrode patterns in atime-divisional manner. Moreover, in this case, detection of touch bymultiple persons or multiple fingers (so-called, multi-touch) may beachieved.

Controller 5 and Detection Circuit 8

FIG. 8 shows a functional block configuration of the detection circuit 8for touch detection operation, a timing controller 9 as a timinggenerator, and the controller 5. In the embodiment, the controller 5drives the timing controller 9 based on a detection signal Doutoutputted from the detection circuit 8. The timing controller 9 is aspecific example of each of first to third timing controllers ofembodiments of the invention.

In FIG. 8, capacitance elements C11 to C1 n correspond to(electrostatic) capacitance elements formed between the commonelectrodes 431 to 43 n and the sensor detection electrode 44 as shown inFIG. 7. The capacitance elements C11 to C In are connected to the drivesignal source S for supplying the common drive signal Vcom (Sg).

The detection circuit 8 (voltage detector DET) has, for example, anamplifier 81, an A/D (analog/digital) converter 83, a signal processor84, a frame memory 86, a coordinate extraction section 85 and a resistorR. An input terminal Tin of the detection circuit 8 is commonlyconnected to the other end side (sensor detection electrode 44 side) ofeach of the capacitance elements C1 1 to C 1 n.

The amplifier 81 amplifies a detection signal Vdet inputted from theinput terminal Tin, and has an operational amplifier for signalamplification, a capacitor and the like. The resistor R is disposedbetween the amplifier 81 and the earth. The resistor R avoids a floatingstate of the sensor detection electrode 44 to keep a stable state. Thisavoids fluctuation of a signal value of the detection signal Vdet in thedetection circuit 8, and besides, leads to an advantage that staticelectricity may be escaped to the earth via the resistor R.

The A/D converter 83 is a section converting the analog detection signalVdet amplified by the amplifier 81 into a digital detection signal, andincludes a not-shown comparator. The comparator compares electricpotential of an inputted detection signal to electric potential of apredetermined threshold voltage Vth (see FIG. 3). Sampling timing in A/Dconversion by the A/D converter 83 is controlled by a timing controlsignal CTL2 supplied from the timing controller 9.

The signal processor 84 performs predetermined signal processing (forexample, digital noise removal processing, or processing of convertingfrequency information into positional information) to a digitaldetection signal outputted from the A/D converter 83.

The coordinate extraction section 85 obtains information on presence ofan object, or obtains a position (coordinates) of an object based on adetection signal outputted from the signal processor 84, and outputssuch information or the like as a detection result (detection signalDout) from an output terminal Tout.

Such a detection circuit 8 may be formed in a peripheral region(non-display region or frame region) on the counter substrate 4, or maybe formed in a peripheral region of the pixel substrate 2. However, thedetection circuit 8 is preferably formed on the pixel substrate 2 from aviewpoint of simplification of circuits and the like by integrationthereof because the detection circuit may be integrated with variouscircuit elements for display control originally formed on the pixelsubstrate 2. In this case, it is enough that each electrode pattern ofthe sensor detection electrode 44 is connected to the detection circuit8 on the pixel substrate 2 by a contact conduction pole (not shown)similar to the contact conduction pole 7 so that the detection signalVdet is transmitted from the sensor detection electrode 44 to thedetection circuit 8.

The controller 5 outputs a control signal CTL3 to the timing controller9 based on the detection signal Dout outputted from the detectioncircuit 8. Specifically, when the controller obtains a determinationresult that an object is present as a detection result Dout, thecontroller performs control of decreasing a selective number of driveelectrode patterns of a unit drive line as described in detail later.Such control operation is continuously performed, so that the describeddetection modes (the long-distance detection mode to the positiondetection mode) are gradually exhibited.

Operation and Effects of Display Device IA

Next, operation and effects of the display device IA of the embodimentare described.

Basic Operation

In the display device IA, the display driver (common electrode driver43D) on the pixel substrate 2 line-sequentially supplies the commondrive signal Vcom to the drive electrode patterns (common electrodes 431to 43 n) of the common electrode 43. Moreover, the display driversupplies a pixel signal (an image signal) to each pixel electrode 22 viaa source line 25, and synchronously controls switching of TFT (TFTelement Tr) of each pixel electrode via a gate line 26 in aline-sequential manner. Thus, the liquid crystal layer 6 is applied withan electric field in a longitudinal direction (in a directionperpendicular to the substrate), the electric field being determined bythe common drive signal Vcom and each image signal, for each of displaypixels 20, so that a liquid crystal state is modulated. In this way,display is performed by so-called inversion driving.

On the other hand, on a counter substrate 4 side, capacitance elementsC1 (capacitance elements C11 to C 1 n) are formed in interconnectionsbetween the drive electrode patterns of the common electrode 43 and thedetection electrode patterns of the sensor detection electrode 44. Forexample, when the common drive signal Vcom is time-dimensionally appliedto the drive electrode patterns of the common electrode 43 as shown byan arrow (scan direction) in FIG. 7, the following operation isperformed. That is, each of the capacitance elements C11 to C In in oneor multiple arrays is charged or discharged, the capacitance elementsbeing formed in interconnections between the drive electrode patternsapplied with the common drive signal Vcom and the detection electrodepatterns. As a result, a detection signal Vdet having a sizecorresponding to a capacitance value of the capacitance element C1 isoutputted from each electrode pattern of the sensor detection electrode44. In a state where a user finger or the like is not present on asurface side of the counter substrate 4, size of the detection signalVdet is substantially constant. An array of the capacitance elements C1to be an object of charge or discharge is sequentially moved with scanof the common drive signal Vcom.

At that time, when a user finger is touched to the counter substrate 4,a capacitance element C2 caused by the finger is added to thecapacitance element C1 that has been originally formed in such a touchregion. As a result, a value of a detection signal Vdet at a time pointwhen the touch region is scanned (namely, a time point when the commondrive signal Vcom is applied to a drive electrode pattern correspondingto the touch region among all drive electrode patterns of the commonelectrode 43) becomes smaller than a value in another region. Thedetection circuit 8 compares a voltage of the detection signal Vdet tothe threshold voltage Vth, and when the voltage of the detection signalis lower than the threshold voltage Vth, the detection circuitdetermines the relevant region as the touch region. The touch region maybe calculated from application timing of the common drive signal Vcomand detection timing of a detection signal Vdet having a voltage lowerthan the threshold voltage Vth.

Here, line-sequential drive operation of the common electrode 43 in theembodiment is described in detail in comparison with a comparativeexample. First, line-sequential drive operation of a common electrode101 according to the comparative example is described with reference toFIGS. 9A to 9C.

Line-Sequential Drive Operation in Comparative Example

In the comparative example, line-sequential drive for detection isperformed in such a manner that part of drive electrode patterns of acommon electrode 101 are bundled, and such a bundle of drive electrodepatterns is used as a unit drive line (detection drive line LIOI). Onthe other hand, line-sequential drive for display is performed in such amanner that a small number of (here, one) drive electrode patterns areused as a display drive line (L 102). At that time, the number of thedrive electrode patterns of the detection drive line L1O1 is a fixedvalue. However, in such a comparative example, while presence of anobject such as a finger may be detected in the case that the object isin a contact (approaching) state, an object is hardly detected in aplace by a certain distance away from the object (long distancedetection).

Thus, in the embodiment, it is noticed that a detectable distance of anobject is closely relates to a range of an electric line of forcegenerated between the common electrode 43 and the detection electrode44, and such a relationship is successfully used for long distancedetection of an object. Specifically, the range of the electric line offorce is expanded so as to cover a more distant area, thereby a moredistant object may be detected. In addition, the range of the electricline of force is changed, so that objects at various distances may bedetected. In the embodiment, the following line-sequential driveoperation (line-sequential drive operation for detection) of the commonelectrode 43 is performed as a specific measure to change the range ofthe electric line of force.

Line-Sequential Drive Operation in the Embodiment

FIGS. 10A to 10D schematically show an example of line-sequential driveoperation of the common electrode 43 according to the embodiment. Thedisplay device 1A sequentially exhibits four detection modes in total ofthe long-distance detection mode, the middle-distance detection mode,the short-distance detection mode and the position detection mode. Inthe embodiment, line-sequential drive operation is performed in adifferent way in each of the detection modes. That is, the commonelectrode 43 is controlled such that a selective number of driveelectrode patterns of each of unit drive lines (detection drive lines Lato Ld) of the common electrode 43 in each detection mode is graduallydecreased from the long-distance detection mode to the positiondetection mode.

Specifically, in the long-distance detection mode, the total number or anumber close to the total number of drive electrode patterns of thecommon electrode 43 are selected as a detection drive line La. Incontrast, in the position detection mode, one drive electrode pattern ora number close to one of drive electrode patterns of the commonelectrode 43 is selected as a detection drive line Ld. In themiddle-distance detection mode, a smaller number of the drive electrodepatterns than that in the long-distance detection mode, for example,less than half (here, about one third of) the drive electrode patternsare selected as a detection drive line Lb. In the short-distancedetection mode, approximately the same number as in the positiondetection mode, or a slightly larger number of the drive electrodepatterns are selected as a detection drive line Lc.

Here, operation caused by such a difference in selective number of thedrive electrode patterns between the detection drive lines La to Ld isdescribed with reference to FIGS. 11A and 11B. FIGS. 11A and 11B show asectional structure of the display device IA in a simplified manner.However, the long-distance detection mode having the largestselective-number of the drive electrode patterns (FIG. 11A), and theposition detection mode having the smallest selective-number of thedrive electrode patterns (FIG. 11B) are shown as an example herein. Ineach figure, while a locus of an electric line of force (A1 or A2) isshown by a dotted line, which does not strictly express an actualelectric line of force, but schematically expresses the electric line offorce for illustrating a range of the electric line.

For example, in the long-distance detection mode, as shown in FIG. 11A,since the selective number of the drive electrode patterns of thedetection drive line La is large, a range of the electric line of forceA1 generated between the common electrode 43 and the sensor detectionelectrode 44 spreads to a great distance. As a result, the electric lineof force A1 extends to a point at a distance DI from a top of thedisplay device IA (surface of a polarizing plate 45). Thus, when anobject is present in one of points from the top of the display device 1Ato the point at a distance DI from the top, a change occurs in thedetection signal Vdet outputted from the sensor detection electrode 44,and thus a determination result that an object is present is outputtedas the detection signal Dout. However, in the long-distance detectionmode, while a distant object may be detected, a disposed area of theobject is hardly specified.

On the other hand, in the position detection mode, as shown in FIG. 11B,since the selective number of the drive electrode patterns of thedetection drive line Ld is small, a range of the electric line of forceA2 generated between the common electrode 43 and the sensor detectionelectrode 44 extends only to a point at a distance D2 (D2<<D1) from thetop of the display device IA. Therefore, while presence of an object maybe determined in a region near the top of the display device 1A, theobject is hardly detected at a point distant from the display device 1Aunlike in the long-distance detection mode. In contrast, in the positiondetection mode, since the selective number of the drive electrodepatterns is set to one or a number close to one (namely, line-sequentialdrive is performed with subdivided unit drive lines in a time-sequentialmanner), a disposed area (position coordinates) of an object may bedetected in detail.

Similarly, in the middle-distance detection mode or the short-distancedetection mode, an object may be detected up to a point at a distance inaccordance with a selective number of drive electrode patterns of thedetection drive line Lb or Lc. In this way, a range of an electric lineof force is changed depending on a selective number of the driveelectrode patterns of a unit drive line. Specifically, as the selectivenumber of the drive electrode patterns is larger, the range of theelectric line of force is expanded, and thus a detectable distance isincreased. In contrast, as the selective number is smaller, the range ofthe electric line of force is reduced, and thus the detectable distanceis decreased. On the other hand, position resolution becomes higher withdecrease in selective number of the drive electrode patterns, andbecomes lower with increase in selective number of the patterns.

Therefore, in the long-distance detection mode, presence of an object ata long distance is determined. In the middle-distance detection mode,presence of an object at a middle distance is determined, and when anobject is present, a disposed area of the object is approximatelyspecified. In the short-distance detection mode, presence of an objectat a short distance is determined, and when an object is present, adisposed area of the object is specified. In the position detectionmode, presence of an object contacting or approaching the display deviceis determined, and when an object is present, a disposed area of theobject is acquired as position coordinates in an XY matrix. That is, thedetectable distance and the position resolution are in a trade-offrelationship.

The controller 5 gradually changes the selective number of the driveelectrode patterns of each of detection drive lines La to Ld inaccordance with the detection result Dout outputted from the detectioncircuit 8 so that the detection modes are gradually exhibited.Specifically, the controller 5 sets the long-distance detection mode asan initial mode, and sequentially changes the detection mode to themiddle-distance detection mode, the short-distance detection mode, orthe position detection mode in accordance with the detection result Doutso that each detection mode is exhibited. Hereinafter, a procedure ofchanging each of the detection modes is described with reference to FIG.12.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, first, the controller determinespresence of an object in the long-distance detection mode (step S I 1),and when an object is present (step S11: Y), the controller performscontrol of decreasing the selective number of the drive electrodepatterns from the detection drive line La to the detection drive lineLb. Thus, the long-distance detection mode is shifted to themiddle-distance detection mode. When an object is not present (step S11:N), the controller performs control of continuing the long-distancedetection mode (namely, control of keeping the selective number of thedrive electrode patterns of the detection drive line La).

Next, the controller determines presence of an object in themiddle-distance detection mode (step S12), and when an object is present(step S12: Y), the controller performs control of decreasing theselective number of the drive electrode patterns from the detectiondrive line Lb to the detection drive line Lc. Thus, the middle-distancedetection mode is shifted to the short-distance detection mode. When anobject is not present (step S12: N), the controller performs control ofincreasing the selective number of the drive electrode patterns from thedetection drive line Lb to the detection drive line La so that thedetection mode is returned to the long-distance detection mode (stepS11).

Next, the controller determines presence of an object in theshort-distance detection mode (step S13), and when an object is present(step S13: Y), the controller performs control of decreasing theselective number of the drive electrode patterns from the detectiondrive line Lc to the detection drive line Ld. Thus, the short-distancedetection mode is shifted to the position detection mode. When an objectis not present (step S13: N), the controller performs control ofincreasing the selective number of the drive electrode patterns from thedetection drive line Lc to the detection drive line Lb so that thedetection mode is returned to the middle-distance detection mode (stepS12).

Finally, in the position detection mode, the controller determinespresence of an object (step S14), and when an object is present (stepS14: Y), the controller extracts position coordinates of the object(step S15), and detection is finished. When an object is not present(step S14: N), the controller performs control of increasing theselective number of the drive electrode patterns from the detectiondrive line Ld to the detection drive line Lc so that the detection modeis returned to the short-distance detection mode (step S13).

When a detection result Dout (detection result on presence or absence ofan object) is outputted to the controller 5 in each detection mode, thecontroller 5 outputs the control signal CTL3 to the timing controller 9based on the detection result Dout so that line-sequential driveoperation using one of the detection drive lines La to Ld is performed.The timing controller 9 line-sequentially drives the common electrode 43according to the control signal CTL3. In this way, while presence of anobject is detected with, for example, the long-distance detection modeas an initial state, the selective number of the drive electrodepatterns is gradually increased or decreased so that a detection mode isshifted between the detection modes.

As hereinbefore, in the embodiment, a measure to change a range of anelectric line of force is performed in such a manner that when thecommon electrode 43 is line-sequentially driven, a bundle of a selectivenumber of the drive electrode patterns is set as a unit drive line (eachof the detection drive lines La to Ld), and the selective number of thedrive electrode patterns is changed. Thus, presence of an object may bedetected up to a point at a distance in accordance with the selectivenumber of the drive electrode patterns. Consequently, presence of anobject may be detected not only in the case that the object contacts orapproaches the display device IA, but also in the case that the objectis in a place distant from the display device.

For example, when the selective number of the drive electrode patternsis set to be the total number or a number close to the total number inline-sequential drive of the common electrode 43, presence of an objectat a long distance may be detected (long-distance detection mode).Conversely, when the selective number of the drive electrode patterns isset to be one or a number close to one, since a disposed area of anobject may be specified as coordinates in a matrix, accurate positiondetection may be performed (position detection mode). Consequently, bothof long-distance detection of an object and accurate position detectionmay be achieved.

Particularly, when the selective number of the drive electrode patternsof the detection drive line is gradually decreased from thelong-distance detection mode to the position detection mode inaccordance with the detection result Dout, gradual detection of anobject may be performed in such a manner that while presence of anobject is confirmed (while a detectable distance is kept) with thelong-distance detection mode as an initial state, position resolution isgradually improved. That is, appropriate detection may be performeddepending on a distance of an object, which expands application of thedisplay device. For example, information may be inputted withouttouching a display screen, or a disposed area of an object approachingthe display screen from a long distance may be gradually narrowed.

Moreover, in the embodiment, the common electrode 43 originally providedin a liquid crystal display element is commonly used as one of a pair oftouch sensor electrodes including the drive electrode and the detectionelectrode. In addition, the common drive signal Vcom as a display drivesignal is commonly used as a touch sensor drive signal. Thus, it isenough that only the sensor detection electrode 44 is provided as anadditionally provided electrode in a capacitance-type touch sensor, andbesides a touch sensor drive signal need not be newly prepared.

Consequently, a device configuration is simplified.

Second Embodiment

Characteristic Configuration of Second Embodiment

FIGS. 13A to 13D schematically show a layout of effective electrodepatterns and non-effective electrode patterns of a sensor detectionelectrode 44 according to a second embodiment of the invention. In theabove embodiment, the selective number of the drive electrode patternsof the common electrode 43 is changed as a specific measure to change arange of an electric line of force. In the second embodiment, aselective number of detection electrode patterns of the sensor detectionelectrode 44 are effectively operated, and the selective number ischanged. The embodiment, which is applied to a capacitance-type touchsensor similar to the display device 1A of the first embodiment, isdescribed with, as an example, a case where gradual detection isperformed from a long-distance detection mode to a position detectionmode. Hereinafter, the same components as in the display device 1A ofthe first embodiment are marked with the same reference numerals orsigns, and description of them is appropriately omitted.

The sensor detection electrode 44 includes a plurality of stripedetection electrode patterns extending in a direction perpendicular toan extending direction of the drive electrode patterns of the commonelectrode 43. A detection signal Vdet is outputted from each detectionelectrode pattern, and inputted to a detection circuit 8.

However, in the embodiment, each detection electrode pattern has aswitch for changing between an on state (effective state of a detectionfunction) and an off state (non-effective state of a detection function)for each detection electrode pattern. Here, the off state indicates afloating state or a high-impedance state. Such a switch is used to thinthe detection electrode patterns of the sensor detection electrode 44 sothat only one or at least two selective detection electrode patterns areeffectively operated. In addition, a selective number of the detectionelectrode patterns to be effectively operated (hereinafter, calledeffective electrode patterns) is changed so as to be different in eachof the detection modes.

A controller 5 outputs a control signal CTL3 to a timing controller 9based on a detection result Dout outputted from the detection circuit 8as described in the first embodiment. However, in the embodiment, whenthe detection result Dout outputted from the detection circuit 8 showspresence of an object, the controller performs control of increasing theselective number of the effective electrode patterns of the sensordetection electrode 44. Such control operation is continuouslyperformed, thereby the described detection modes (the long-distancedetection mode to the position detection mode) are gradually exhibited.

Operation and Effects of Second Embodiment

In the embodiment, while display is performed by the same operation asin the display device IA of the first embodiment, a detection signal issupplied from the sensor detection electrode 44 to the detection circuit8 along with scanning the common electrode 43 with a common drive signalVcom, and thus the detection result

Detection Operation in the Embodiment

However, in the embodiment, among all electrode patterns of the sensordetection electrode 44, a selective number of effective electrodepatterns is changed in each detection mode. Specifically, in thelong-distance detection mode, one detection electrode pattern or anumber close to one of the detection electrode patterns (here, twopatterns disposed on outermost sides) of all the detection electrodepatterns of the sensor detection electrode 44 are selected as effectiveelectrode patterns 44A as shown in FIG. 13A. In contrast, in theposition detection mode, the total number or a number close to the totalnumber of the detection electrode patterns of the sensor detectionelectrode 44 are selected as the effective electrode patterns 44A asshown in FIG. 13D. In the middle-distance detection mode, a largernumber of the detection electrode patterns than that in thelong-distance detection mode, for example, less than half (here, aboutone third of) the drive electrode patterns are selected as the effectiveelectrode patterns 44A as shown in FIG. 13B. In the short-distancedetection mode, at least about half the electrode patterns are selectedas the effective electrode patterns 44A. The effective electrodepatterns 44A are desirably arranged at equal intervals in each detectionmode. In other words, the number of non-effective electrode patterns 44Bbetween the effective electrode patterns 44A is desirably constant ineach detection mode.

Here, operation caused by such a difference in selective number of theeffective electrode patterns 44A is described with reference to FIGS.14A and 14B. FIGS. 14A and 14B show a sectional structure of the displaydevice 1A in a simplified manner. However, the long-distance detectionmode having the smallest selective-number of the effective electrodepatterns 44A (FIG. 14A), and the position detection mode having thelargest selective-number of the effective electrode patterns (FIG. 14B)are shown as an example herein. In each figure, while a locus of anelectric line of force (A3 or A4) is shown by a dotted line, the locusdoes not strictly express an actual electric line of force, butschematically expresses the electric line of force for illustrating arange of the electric line.

For example, in the long-distance detection mode, as shown in FIG. 14A,since the selective number of the effective electrode patterns 44A issmall, in other words, since most of detection electrode patterns of thesensor detection electrode are narrowed, formation of parasiticcapacitance between the detection electrode patterns is suppressed, andconsequently a range of the electric line of force (A3) spreads to along distance. As a result, the electric line of force A 3 extends to apoint at a distance DI from a top of the display device 1A. Therefore,when an object is present in one of points from the top of the displaydevice 1A to the point at a distance DI from the top, a determinationresult that an object is present is outputted as the detection resultDout. However, in the long-distance detection mode, since most ofdetection electrode patterns of the sensor detection electrode 44 arethinned, a disposed area of the object is hardly specified in detail.

On the other hand, in the position detection mode, as shown in FIG. 14B,since the selective number of the effective electrode patterns 44A islarge, a range of the electric line of force (A4) extends only to apoint at a distance D2 (D2<<D1) from the top of the display device 1Aalong with formation of parasitic capacitance between the detectionelectrode patterns. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, whilepresence of an object may be determined in a region near the top of thedisplay device 1A, the object is hardly detected in a place distant fromthe display device 1A unlike in the long-distance detection mode. Incontrast, in the position detection mode, since the selective number ofthe effective electrode patterns 44A is set to approximately the totalnumber, a disposed area (position coordinates) of an object may bedetected in detail.

Similarly, in the middle-distance detection mode and the short-distancedetection mode, an object may be detected up to a point at a distance inaccordance with a selective number of the effective electrode patterns44A In this way, a range of an electric line of force is changeddepending on a selective number of the effective electrode patterns 44A.Specifically, as the selective number of the effective electrodepatterns 44A is smaller, the range of the electric line of force isexpanded, and thus a detectable distance is increased. In contrast, asthe selective number of the effective electrode patterns 44A is larger,the range of the electric line of force is reduced, and thus thedetectable distance is decreased. On the other hand, position resolutionbecomes higher with decrease in selective number of the effectiveelectrode patterns 44A, and becomes lower with increase in selectivenumber of the patterns.

Therefore, as in the first embodiment, in the long-distance detectionmode, presence of an object at a long distance is determined, and in themiddle-distance detection mode, presence of an object at a middledistance is determined, and when an object is present, a disposed areaof the object is approximately specified. In the short-distancedetection mode, presence of an object at a short distance is determined,and when an object is present, a disposed area of the object isspecified. In the position detection mode, presence of an objectcontacting or approaching the display device is determined, and when anobject is present, a disposed area of the object is acquired as positioncoordinates in an XY matrix.

The controller 5 gradually changes the selective number of the effectiveelectrode patterns 44A in accordance with the detection result Doutoutputted from the detection circuit 8 so that each of the detectionmodes is gradually exhibited. However, in the embodiment, when an objectis present in the long-distance detection mode, the selective number ofthe effective electrode patterns 44A is increased so that the detectionmode is shifted to the middle-distance detection mode, and when anobject is not present, the selective number of the effective electrodepatterns 44A is kept so that the long-distance detection mode iscontinued. In the middle-distance detection mode, when an object ispresent, the selective number of the effective electrode patterns 44A isincreased so that the detection mode is shifted to the short-distancedetection mode, and when an object is not present, the selective numberof the effective electrode patterns 44A is decreased so that thedetection mode is returned to the long-distance detection mode.Similarly, in the short-distance detection mode, the detection mode isshifted to the position detection mode, or returned to themiddle-distance detection mode depending on presence or absence of anobject. When an object is present in the position detection mode,position coordinates of the object is extracted, and detection isfinished. When an object is not present in the mode, the selectivenumber of the effective electrode patterns 44A is increased so that thedetection mode is returned to the short-distance detection mode.

When a detection result Dout (detection result on presence or absence ofan object) is outputted to the controller 5 in each detection mode, thecontroller 5 outputs a control signal CTL3 to the timing controller 9based on the detection result Dout so that detection operation using theeffective electrode patterns 44A is performed. The timing controller 9selects the effective electrode patterns 44A of the sensor detectionelectrode 44 according to the control signal CTL3. In this way, whilepresence of an object is detected with the long-distance detection modeas an initial state, the selective number of the effective electrodepatterns 44A is gradually increased or decreased so that a detectionmode is shifted between the detection modes.

As hereinbefore, in the embodiment, since the selective number of theeffective electrode patterns 44A of the sensor detection electrode ischanged as a measure to change a range of an electric line of force,presence of an object may be detected up to a point at a distance inaccordance with the selective number of the effective electrode patterns44A. Consequently, the same advantage as in the first embodiment may beobtained.

For example, when the selective number of the effective electrodepatterns 44A of the sensor detection electrode 44 is set to be one or anumber close to one, presence of an object at a long distance may bedetected (long-distance detection mode). Conversely, when the selectivenumber of the effective electrode patterns 44A is set to be the totalnumber or a number close to the total number, since a disposed area ofan object may be specified as coordinates in a matrix, accurate positiondetection may be performed (position detection mode). Consequently, bothof long-distance detection of an object and accurate position detectionmay be achieved as in the first embodiment.

Particularly, when the selective number of the effective electrodepatterns 44A is gradually increased from the long-distance detectionmode to the position detection mode in accordance with the detectionresult Dout, gradual detection of an object may be performed in such amanner that while a detectable distance is kept with the long-distancedetection mode as an initial state, position resolution is graduallyimproved. Consequently, appropriate detection may be performed dependingon a distance of an object, which expands application of the displaydevice as in the first embodiment.

In the first and second embodiments, while a method of changing theselective number of the drive electrode patterns in line-sequentialdrive of the common electrode 43, and a method of changing the selectivenumber of the effective electrode patterns 44A of the sensor detectionelectrode 44 are given as examples of a measure to change a range of anelectric line of force respectively, the methods may be combined. Thatis, in the long-distance detection mode, the selective number of thedrive electrode patterns in line-sequential drive of the commonelectrode 43 is set to the total number or a number close to the totalnumber, and the selective number of the effective electrode patterns 44Aof the sensor detection electrode 44 is set to one or a number close toone. In contrast, in the position detection mode, it is enough that theselective number of the drive electrode patterns in line-sequentialdrive of the common electrode 43 is set to one or a number close to one,and the selective number of the effective electrode patterns 44A of thesensor detection electrode 44 is set to the total number or a numberclose to the total number.

Third Embodiment

FIGS. 15A to 15D schematically show inverted waveforms (AC square wavesSg) of a detection drive signal (Vcom2) according to a third embodimentof the invention in each of the detection modes. In the aboveembodiment, the selective number of the drive electrode patterns inline-sequential drive of the common electrode 43 is changed, or theselective number of the effective electrode patterns of the sensordetection electrode 44 is changed as a measure to change a range of anelectric line of force. In the third embodiment, a drive signal Vcom2,which is applied to each drive electrode pattern in line-sequentialdrive of the common electrode 43, is changed. The embodiment, which isapplied to a capacitance-type touch sensor similar to the display device1A of the first embodiment, is described with, as an example, a casewhere gradual detection is performed from a long-distance detection modeto a position detection mode. Hereinafter, the same components as in thedisplay device 1A of the first embodiment are marked with the samereference numerals or signs, and description of them is appropriatelyomitted.

In the embodiment, while display is performed by the same operation asin the display device IA of the first embodiment, a detection signal issupplied from a sensor detection electrode 44 to a detection circuit 8along with scanning a common electrode 43 with a common drive signalVcom, and thus a detection result Dout is outputted.

However, in the embodiment, the detection drive signal Vcom2 is usedseparately from a display common-drive signal (Vcom1) as a drive signalapplied to each drive electrode pattern, and the drive signal Vcom2 ischanged in each of detection modes in line-sequential drive of thecommon electrode 43. Specifically, the drive signal Vcom2 is changedsuch that an absolute value of the drive signal Vcom2 is graduallyreduced from the long-distance detection mode to the position detectionmode as shown in FIGS. 15A to 15D (Va>Vb>Vc>Vd).

The controller 5 gradually changes the drive signal Vcom2 in accordancewith the detection result Dout outputted from the detection circuit 8 sothat each detection mode is gradually exhibited. Specifically, in thelong-distance detection mode, when an object is present, an absolutevalue of the drive signal Vcom2 (amplitude of a square wave) isdecreased so that the detection mode is shifted to a middle-distancedetection mode, and when an object is not present, a current drivesignal Vcom2 is kept so that the long-distance detection mode iscontinued. Next, in the middle-distance detection mode, when an objectis present, an absolute value of the drive signal Vcom2 is decreased sothat the detection mode is shifted to the short-distance detection mode,and when an object is not present, an absolute value of the drive signalVcom2 is increased so that the detection mode is returned to thelong-distance detection mode. Similarly, in the subsequentshort-distance detection mode, the detection mode is shifted to theposition detection mode, or returned to the middle-distance detectionmode depending on presence or absence of an object. When an object ispresent in the position detection mode, position coordinates of theobject is extracted, and detection is finished. When an object is notpresent in the position detection mode, an absolute value of the drivesignal Vcom2 is increased so that the detection mode is returned to theshort-distance detection mode.

When the detection result Dout (detection result on presence or absenceof an object) is outputted to the controller 5 in each detection mode,the controller 5 outputs a control signal CTL3 to a timing controller 9so that detection operation using the drive signal Vcom2 is performedbased on the detection result Dout. The timing controller 9 performsline-sequential drive using the drive signal Vcom2 according to thecontrol signal CTL3. In this way, while presence of an object isdetected with the long-distance detection mode as an initial state, theabsolute value of the drive signal Vcom2 is gradually increased ordecreased, so that a detection mode is shifted between the detectionmodes.

As hereinbefore, in the embodiment, since the absolute value of thedrive signal Vcom2 is changed as a measure to change a range of anelectric line of force, presence of an object may be detected up to adistance in accordance with size of the drive signal Vcom2.Consequently, the same advantage as in the first embodiment may beobtained.

As a measure to change a range of an electric line of force, control ofchanging the drive signal Vcom2 in the third embodiment may be combinedwith control of changing the selective number of the drive electrodepatterns in line-sequential drive of the common electrode 43 (firstembodiment). That is, in the long-distance detection mode, the selectivenumber of the drive electrode patterns is set to the total number or anumber close to the total number, and besides a drive signal Va is usedas a drive signal Vcom2 applied to the selected drive electrode pattern.In contrast, in the position detection mode, it is enough that theselective number of the drive electrode patterns is set to one or anumber close to one, and a drive signal Vd is used as a drive signalVcom2 applied to the selected drive electrode pattern.

The control of changing the drive signal Vcom2 in the third embodimentmay be combined with the control of changing the selective number of theeffective electrode patterns of the sensor detection electrode 44 in thesecond embodiment. Alternatively, all the methods in the first to thirdembodiments may be combined.

Fourth Embodiment

FIG. 16 schematically shows application timing of each of a drive signalVcom2 and a common drive signal Vcom1 according to a fourth embodimentof the invention. The first to third embodiments have been describedwith a case, as an example, where the common electrode 43 for display iscommonly used as the drive electrode for detection. In such a case, fordetails, the common electrode 43 is applied with both the displaycommon-drive signal Vcom1 and the detection drive signal Vcom2. In thefourth embodiment, description is made on preferable applicationoperation of the drive signal Vcom1 or Vcom2 (modulation operation ofthe drive signal Vcom) in the case that the drive signals Vcom1 andVcom2 are different from each other. The case, where the drive signalsVcom1 and Vcom2 are different from each other, includes, for example, acase where the drive signal Vcom2 is made larger than the drive signalVcom1 (Vcom2>Vcom1) in order to improve detection sensitivity, or a casewhere an absolute value of the drive signal Vcom2 is modulated fortransition between modes (third embodiment). The same components as inthe display device 1A of the first embodiment are marked with the samereference numerals or signs, and description of them is appropriatelyomitted. Here, description is made on a case, as an example, where anabsolute value of the drive signal Vcom2 is larger than an absolutevalue of the drive signal Vcom1.

Specifically, the timing controller 9 applies the drive signal Vcom2 toeach of drive electrode patterns of the common electrode 43 at thefollowing timing. That is, the timing controller performs control suchthat each drive electrode pattern is line-sequentially applied with thedisplay drive signal Vcom1, and application timing of the drive signalVcom1 is different from application timing of the detection drive signalVcom2. In other words, the timing controller 9 applies the drive signalVcom2 to a drive electrode pattern being not applied with the drivesignal Vcom1 among the drive electrode patterns. For example, as shownin FIG. 16, the drive signal Vcom1 (shadowed portion) is applied to eachof the drive electrode patterns (here, six drive electrode patterns COMIto COM6 as an example), and then the drive signal Vcom2 is sequentiallyapplied. In other words, the drive signal Vcom1 is applied, then anabsolute value of the drive signal Vcom1 is increased (amplitude isexpanded) so that the signal Vcom1 is modulated into the drive signalVcom2.

As hereinbefore, when the common electrode 43 for display is commonlyused as a drive electrode for detection, application timing of the drivesignal Vcom2 is desirably different from application timing of the drivesignal Vcom1. If application timing of the drive signal Vcom1 (writetiming of a video signal) is synchronized with application timing of thedrive signal Vcom2 (for example, a case of FIG. 17), potentialdifference between the pixel electrode 22 and the common electrode 43 ischanged, so that desired display (display with proper luminance levelbased on a video signal Vsig) is hardly obtained. Therefore, the drivesignals Vcom1 and Vcom2 are applied at different timing as in theembodiment, thereby even if the common electrode 43 for display iscommonly used as the drive electrode for detection, desired display iseasily achieved. In FIG. 17, the drive signal Vcom2 is shown by a brokenline against the drive signal Vcom1 applied in a line-sequential manner.

The above merit particularly becomes large in the case that differencebetween the drive signals Vcom1 and Vcom2 is large, for example, in thecase that the drive signal Vcom2 is made larger to improve detectionsensitivity, or in the case of the long-distance detection mode in thethird embodiment. This is because when a drive signal Vcom2 having alarge difference from the drive signals Vcom1 is applied in videowriting, display tends to be affected thereby.

Fifth Embodiment

FIG. 18 shows a timing chart of a drive signal Vcom (Vcom1 or Vcom2), avideo signal Vsig, and gate potential Vgate of TFT (TFT element Tr shownin FIG. 6) according to a fifth embodiment of the invention. In thefourth embodiment, description has been made on operation that when thecommon electrode 43 for display is commonly used as the drive electrodefor detection, drive signals Vcom1 and Vcom2 are applied to the commonelectrode 43 at timing different from each other. In the fifthembodiment, further preferable operation is described. The samecomponents as in the display device 1A of the first embodiment aremarked with the same reference numerals or signs, and description ofthem is appropriately omitted.

Specifically, when the gate potential Vgate is on potential (TFT is on),a timing controller 9 applies the drive signal Vcom1 to the commonelectrode 43, and applies the video signal V sig to the pixel electrode22 respectively, thereby pixel potential Vpix (potential of the liquidcrystal element LC shown in FIG. 6) is displaced so that a video pictureis written. In the embodiment, gate potential (VgateL) in an off stateof each TFT is set to satisfy the following formula (1). In the formula,VsigL represents low potential of the video signal Vsig, ΔVcom2represents displacement (twice as large as amplitude) from the minimumpotential to the maximum potential of the drive signal Vcom2, and Vthrepresents a threshold voltage of TFT. ΔVcom2 is set according to thefollowing formula (2). More desirably, VgateL is set to satisfy thefollowing formula (3) in consideration of Vgate (plunge). Vgate (plunge)represents plunge potential caused by parasitic capacitance between thegate line 26 and a pixel (potential of the liquid crystal element LCshown in FIG. 6).VgateL<VsigL−ΔVcom2+Vth  (1)ΔVcom2=Vcom1H−Vcom2L  (2)VgateL≤VsigL−ΔVcom2+Vth−Vgate(plunge)  (3)

Here, a comparative example of the embodiment is described withreference to FIGS. 19A and 19B. FIGS. 19A and 19B show behavior of eachof the drive signal Vcom and the pixel potential Vpix immediately aftera video signal is written, namely, in the case that the gate potentialVgate transitions from on potential to off potential. As shown in FIG.19A, immediately after a video signal is written, the gate potential isdecreased to the off potential, and the drive signal Vcom is reduced inconjunction with this (black arrow), therefore the pixel potential Vpixis accordingly reduced (shaded arrow). Therefore, in such a stateimmediately after a video signal is written, when the drive signal Vcomis modulated such that amplitude of the signal is increased as shown inFIG. 19B, the pixel potential Vpix extremely drops, which may result ina phenomenon that the pixel potential is lower than the gate potential.When the pixel potential Vpix becomes lower than the gate potential (offpotential), since each pixel is applied with a reverse bias voltage,desired video display is hardly performed.

Thus, as in the embodiment, the gate potential satisfies the formula (2)(desirably formula (3)) depending on the drive signal Vcom, thereby evenif the drive signal Vcom is applied immediately after a video signal iswritten, the pixel potential Vpix may be substantially prevented fromfalling below the gate potential VgateL. Consequently, while the drivesignal Vcom is modulated, influence on display due to drop of pixelpotential Vpix may be suppressed, leading to desired video display.

Sixth Embodiment

FIG. 20 shows a timing chart of a drive signal Vcom (Vcom1 or Vcom2), avideo signal Vsig, and gate potential Vgate of TFT according to a sixthembodiment of the invention. In the fifth embodiment, when the drivesignals Vcom1 and Vcom2 are applied at different timing, the gatepotential VgateL is set to satisfy a predetermined formula, therebyinfluence on display due to drop of pixel potential Vpix is suppressed.In the sixth embodiment, another method for suppressing such influenceon display is described. The same components as in the display device IAof the first embodiment are marked with the same reference numerals orsigns, and description of them is appropriately omitted.

Specifically, when the gate potential Vgate is on potential (TFT is on),a timing controller 9 applies the drive signal Vcom1 to the commonelectrode 43, and applies the video signal Vsig to the pixel electrode22 respectively, thereby a video picture is written.

However, in the embodiment, application of the drive signal Vcom2(modulation control from the drive signal Vcom1 to the drive signalVcom2) is performed after a lapse of a certain period of time fromapplication of the drive signal Vcom1 rather than immediately after theapplication of the drive signal Vcom1 unlike in the fifth embodiment.For example, as shown in FIG. 20, the drive signal Vcom2 is not applied(modulation control from the drive signal Vcom1 to the drive signalVcom2 is not performed) from an application finish point (U) of thedrive signal Vcom1 to a point (t2) after a lapse of a half cycle of asquare wave of the drive signal Vcom. Control of applying the drivesignal Vcom2 is performed (modulation control from the drive signalVcom1 to the drive signal Vcom2 is performed) at the point t2. Even inthe embodiment, the formulas (1) to (3) in the fifth embodiment may besatisfied.

In this way, application of the drive signal Vcom2 is performed after alapse of a certain period of time from application of the drive signalVcom1, thereby the following advantage is given. That is, while thepixel potential Vpix temporarily drops through transition of the gatepotential Vgate to off potential immediately after a video signal iswritten as described above, such drop of the pixel potential Vpix is notso great that the potential becomes lower than the off potential, andtherefore display is less affected thereby. After that, when amplitudeof the drive signal Vcom is expanded so as to apply the drive signalVcom2, the pixel potential Vpix is accordingly raised. Consequently,while influence on display due to drop of pixel potential Vpix issuppressed, the drive signal Vcom may be modulated as in the fifthembodiment.

In the fourth to sixth embodiments, preferable drive operation has beendescribed with several examples in the case that the display drivesignal Vcom1 and the detection drive signal Vcom2 applied to the commonelectrode 43 are different from each other. However, this is notlimitative, and the following drive method may be used. That is, asshown in FIG. 17, when the drive signal Vcom2 is further applied to apixel as a writing object of the drive signal Vcom1, pixel potential ischanged as described before, and, for example, a level of the videosignal Vsig itself may be modulated in anticipation of such change inpixel potential. Even by such a method, desired display may be obtained.However, in the case that the level of the video signal Vsig ismodulated, since IC drive tends to be applied with a load, the methoddescribed in each of the fourth to sixth embodiments is practical.

The drive signal Vcom2 may be applied only in a particular period.Specifically, as shown in FIG. 21, amplitude of the signal is expanded(modulation from the drive signal Vcom1 to the drive signal Vcom2) onlyin a period to or tb (here, each period immediately before or after amoment at which polarity of Vcom is changed) during which objectdetection is performed. Since such drive operation reduces DC voltageapplication time to liquid crystal, occurrence of seizure and the likemay be suppressed. Moreover, since the drive signal Vcom2 may bereturned to the display drive signal Vcom1 before the video signal Vsigis applied, two different kinds of potential need not be concurrentlyused, leading to reduction in load of IC or simplification of peripheralcircuits.

Description has been made on a case where Vcom2 is made larger thanVcom1 for increasing detection sensitivity as an example of a case wherethe drive signals Vcom1 and Vcom2 are different from each other. In sucha case, change in detection mode may not be involved. Specifically,while Vcom2>Vcom1 may be set on the assumption of change operation ofthe detection mode described in the first to third embodiments,detection drive may be performed without mode change, namely, may beperformed while a drive signal Vcom2 (>Vcom1) having a certain value iscontinuously used. The value of the drive signal Vcom2 is set larger,thereby detection sensitivity is improved and thus long-distancedetection may be performed. The former configuration with mode changeoperation (change operation of a range of an electric line of force)corresponds to the first display device of an embodiment of theinvention, and the latter configuration without mode change operationcorresponds to the second display device of the embodiment of theinvention.

Next, modifications of the display device of each of the first to sixthembodiments are described. Hereinafter, the same components as in thedisplay device IA of the first embodiment are marked with the samereference numerals or signs, and description of them is appropriatelyomitted.

Modification I

FIG. 22 shows a relevant-part section structure of a display device 1Baccording to modification 1. The display device 1B includes a liquidcrystal display element and a capacitance-type touch sensor like thedisplay device IA of the first embodiment. However, in the modification,the touch sensor is provided as a touch panel 50 separately from theliquid crystal display element unlike in the first embodiment where thecommon electrode 43 for display is commonly used so that the touchsensor is integrated with the liquid crystal display element.Specifically, in the display device 1B, the touch panel 50 is disposedand used on a side of a polarizing plate 45 of the liquid crystaldisplay element in which a liquid crystal layer 6 is enclosed between apixel substrate 2 and a counter substrate 4.

The touch panel 50 has a sensor drive electrode 52, an adhesion layer53, a transparent substrate 54, and a sensor detection electrode 55provided in this order on a transparent substrate 51. The sensor driveelectrode 52 is divided into a plurality of drive electrode patterns,and each drive electrode pattern is line-sequentially applied with adrive signal Vcom like the common electrode 43 of the first embodiment.Similarly, the sensor detection electrode 55 is divided into a pluralityof detection electrode patterns, and each detection electrode patternextends perpendicularly to an extending direction of each driveelectrode pattern of the sensor drive electrode 52 like the sensordetection electrode 44 in the first embodiment.

The touch sensor may be separated from the display element in this way,and each of the methods described in the first to third embodiments maybe applied to the display device 1B in the same way as above. However, adevice configuration may be more simplified in the display device IA ofthe first embodiment where the common electrode 43 is commonly used asthe sensor drive electrode.

Modification 2

FIG. 23 shows a relevant-part section structure of a display device ICaccording to modification 2. The display device 1C includes a liquidcrystal display element and a capacitance-type touch sensor like thedisplay device 1A of the first embodiment. However, the display device1C is different from the display device 1A of the first embodiment inthat a sensor detection electrode 44 is disposed on an outer side withrespect to a polarizing plate 45. Specifically, the display device 1Chas an adhesion layer 47, the sensor detection electrode 44, and atransparent substrate 48 provided in this order on the polarizing plate45. In this way, the sensor detection electrode 44 need not benecessarily provided on an inner side with respect to the polarizingplate 45, and may be configured to be arranged on a user side.

Modification 3

Configuration of Display Device ID

FIG. 24 shows a relevant-part section structure of a display device IDaccording to modification 3. FIGS. 25A and 25B show a detailedconfiguration of a pixel substrate (pixel substrate 2B described later)of the display device ID. FIGS. 26A and 26B show a perspective structureof the display device ID. The display device ID includes a liquidcrystal display element and a capacitance-type touch sensor like thedisplay device IA of the first embodiment. However, the display deviceID is different from the display device 1A of the first embodiment inthat a liquid crystal element of a transverse electric mode is used as adisplay element.

The display device ID includes a pixel substrate 2B, a counter substrate4B disposed facing the pixel substrate 2B, and a liquid crystal layer 6provided between the pixel substrate 2B and the counter substrate 4B.

The pixel substrate 2B has a TFT substrate 21, a common electrode 43arranged on the TFT substrate 21, and a plurality of pixel electrodes 22arranged in a matrix pattern on the common electrode 43 via aninsulating layer 23. On the TFT substrate 21, a not-shown display driverfor driving each pixel electrode 22 and TFT are formed, and besides,lines such as signal lines (source lines) 25 supplying an image signalto each pixel electrode and gate lines 26 driving each TFT are formed(FIGS. 25A and 25B). In addition, a detection circuit 8 performing touchdetection operation is formed on the TFT substrate 21. The commonelectrode 43 is commonly used as a sensor drive electrode as in thefirst embodiment.

The counter substrate 4B includes a color filter 42 formed on onesurface of a glass substrate 41. A sensor detection electrode 44 isformed on the other surface of the glass substrate 41, and furthermore,a polarizing plate 45 is arranged on the sensor detection electrode 44.The sensor detection electrode 44 may be directly formed on the countersubstrate 4B by a thin film process, or may be indirectly formedthereon. The common electrode 43 is applied with a common drive signalVcom having an AC square waveform from the TFT substrate 21. The commondrive signal Vcom defines a pixel voltage applied to each pixelelectrode 22 and a display voltage of each pixel, and is commonly usedas a drive signal of the touch sensor. The common electrode 43 and thesensor detection electrode 44 are divided into a plurality of electrodepatterns extending in an intersecting manner with each other as in thefirst embodiment.

The liquid crystal layer 6 modulates light passing through the layer 6depending on a state of an electric field, and, for example, liquidcrystal of a transverse electric mode, such as a FFS (Fringe FieldSwitching) mode or an IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode, is used for thelayer 6. Here, the FFS mode is described with reference to FIGS. 26A and26B. In a FFS-mode liquid crystal element, a pixel electrode 22patterned in a comb-like shape is disposed on the common electrode 43formed on the display substrate 2B via the insulating layer 23, and analignment film 26 is formed covering the pixel electrode. The liquidcrystal layer 6 is sandwiched between the alignment film 26 and analignment film 46 on a counter substrate 4B side.

The two polarizing plates 24 and 45 are arranged in a crossed nicolsstate. A rubbing direction of each of the two alignment films 26 and 46corresponds to a direction of one of transmission axes of the twopolarizing plates 24 and 45. Here, the figures show a case where therubbing direction corresponds to a direction of a transmission axis ofthe polarizing plate 45. Furthermore, the rubbing direction of each ofthe two alignment films 26 and 46 and the direction of the transmissionaxis of the polarizing plate 45 are set approximately parallel to anextending direction of each pixel electrode 22 (longitudinal directionof a comb) within a range where a rotation direction of a liquid crystalmolecule is defined.

Operation and Effects of Display Device ID

First, a display operation principle of the FFS-mode liquid crystalelement is briefly described with reference to FIGS. 26A and 26B andFIGS. 27A and 27B. FIGS. 27A and 27B show a relevant-part section of aliquid crystal element, where FIG. 27A shows a state of the liquidcrystal element applied with no electric field, and FIG. 27B shows astate of the liquid crystal element applied with an electric field.

In the state where voltage is not applied between the common electrode43 and the pixel electrodes 22 (FIGS. 26A and 27A), an axis of eachliquid crystal molecule 61 of the liquid crystal layer 6 isperpendicular to a transmission axis of the polarizing plate 24 on anincidence side, and parallel to a transmission axis of the polarizingplate 45 on an output side. Therefore, incidence light h transmitted bythe polarizing plate 24 on the incidence side reaches the polarizingplate 45 on the output side without causing phase difference within theliquid crystal layer 6, and is absorbed by the plate 45, leading toblack display. In contrast, in the state where voltage is appliedbetween the common electrode 43 and the pixel electrodes 22 (FIGS. 26Band 27B), an alignment direction of each liquid crystal molecule 61rotates in an oblique direction to an extending direction of each pixelelectrode 22 by a transverse electric field E formed between the pixelelectrodes. At that time, electric field intensity in white display isoptimized such that a liquid crystal molecule 61 located in the centerin a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 6 rotates about 45degrees. Thus, while the incidence light h, which has been transmittedby the polarizing plate 24 on the incidence side, passes through theliquid crystal layer 6, phase difference occurs in the light h, and thusthe light becomes linearly polarized light rotated by 90 degrees andpasses through the polarizing plate 45 on the output side, leading towhite display.

Next, display control operation and touch detection operation of thedisplay device ID are described. A display driver (not shown) on thepixel substrate 2B line-sequentially supplies the common drive signalVcom to the drive electrode patterns of the common electrode 43.Moreover, the display driver supplies an image signal to each pixelelectrode 22 via a source line 25, and synchronously controls switchingof TFT of each pixel electrode via a gate line 26 in a line-sequentialmanner. Thus, the liquid crystal layer 6 is applied with an electricfield in a transverse direction (in a direction parallel to thesubstrate), the electric field being determined by the common drivesignal Vcom and each image signal, for each of pixels, so that a liquidcrystal state is modulated. In this way, display is performed byso-called inversion driving.

In contrast, on a side of the counter substrate 4B, the common drivesignal Vcom is time-dimensionally sequentially applied to the driveelectrode patterns of the common electrode 43. Thus, each of capacitanceelements C1 (C11 to C In) in an array is charged or discharged, thecapacitance elements being formed in interconnections between the driveelectrode patterns of the common electrode 43 applied with the signalVcom and the detection electrode patterns of the sensor detectionelectrode 44, as in the first embodiment. Consequently, a detectionsignal Vdet having a size corresponding to a capacitance value of thecapacitance elements C1 is outputted from each electrode pattern of thesensor detection electrode 44.

In this way, each of the methods described in the first to thirdembodiments may be applied to the display device ID using liquid crystalof a transverse electric mode for a liquid crystal display element, inthe same way as above. However, since this modification has a structurewhere the common electrode 43 as the touch sensor drive electrode isprovided on a side of the pixel substrate 2B (on the TFT substrate 21),the common drive signal Vcom is extremely easily supplied from the TFTsubstrate 21 to the common electrode 43, and circuits, electrodepatterns, and lines, those being necessary, may be concentrated on thepixel substrate 2, leading to integration of circuits. Therefore, asupply route (contact conduction pole 7) of the common drive signal Vcomfrom a pixel substrate 2 side to a counter substrate 4 side, the supplyroute having been necessary in the first embodiment, is unnecessary,leading to a more simplified structure.

While the sensor detection electrode 44 is provided on a surface side(on a side opposite to the liquid crystal layer 6) of the glasssubstrate 41 in the modification 3, the sensor detection electrode 44may be provided on a side of the liquid crystal layer 6 with respect tothe color filter 42. Alternatively, the sensor detection electrode 44may be provided between the glass substrate 41 and the color filter 42,or may be provided on an outer side of the polarizing plate 45.

APPLICATION EXAMPLES

Next, application examples of the display device with a touch sensordescribed in each of the embodiments and the modifications are describedwith reference to FIG. 28 to FIG. 32G. The display device according toeach of the embodiments and the like may be applied to electronicdevices in any field, including a television apparatus, a digitalcamera, a notebook personal computer, a mobile terminal such as mobilephone, and a video camera. In other words, the display device accordingto each of the embodiments and the like may be applied to an electronicdevice in any field, which displays an externally inputted video signalor internally generated video signal as an image or a video picture.

Application Example I

FIG. 28 shows appearance of a television apparatus using the displaydevice according to each of the embodiments and the like. The televisionapparatus has, for example, a front panel 511 and a video display screen510 including filter glass 512, and the video display screen 510corresponds to the display device according to each of the embodimentsand the like.

Application Example 2

FIGS. 29A and 29B show appearance of a digital camera using the displaydevice according to each of the embodiments and the like. The digitalcamera has, for example, a light emitting section for flash 521, adisplay 522, a menu switch 523 and a shutter button 524, and the display522 corresponds to the display device according to each of theembodiments and the like.

Application Example 3

FIG. 30 shows appearance of a notebook personal computer using thedisplay device according to each of the embodiments and the like. Thenotebook personal computer has, for example, a body 531, a keyboard 523for input operation of letters and the like, and a display 533 fordisplaying an image, and the display 533 corresponds to the displaydevice according to each of the embodiments and the like.

Application Example 4

FIG. 31 shows appearance of a video camera using the display deviceaccording to each of the embodiments and the like. The video camera has,for example, a body 541, a lens 542 for shooting an object provided on afront side-face of the body 541, and a start/stop switch 543 used inshooting, and a display 544. The display 544 corresponds to the displaydevice according to each of the embodiments and the like.

Application Example 5

FIGS. 32A to 32G show appearance of a mobile phone using the displaydevice according to each of the embodiments and the like. For example,the mobile phone is formed by connecting an upper housing 710 to a lowerhousing 720 by a hinge 730, and has a display 740, sub display 750, apicture light 760, and a camera 770. The display 740 or the sub display750 corresponds to the display device according to each of theembodiments and the like.

While the invention has been described with the embodiments, themodifications and the application examples, the invention is not limitedto the embodiments and the like, and may be variously modified oraltered. For example, while the invention has been described with aconfiguration, as an example, where both of the long-distance detectionmode (first detection mode) and the position detection mode (seconddetection mode) are exhibited, the position detection mode is notindispensable, and the invention may be configured such that only thelong-distance detection mode is exhibited depending on use conditions orapplications.

Moreover, while a case, where four detection modes in total from thelong-distance detection mode (first detection mode) to theposition-detection mode (second detection mode) are gradually exhibited,is given as an example in the embodiments and the like, the number ofdetection modes or distance resolution is not particularly limited. Forexample, the number of detection modes to be exhibited may be two,three, or five or more. As the number of detection modes increases, thedistance resolution becomes higher, and a distance from the touchsensor, at which an object is present, is more easily determined.

Furthermore, while the embodiments and the like have been described witha case, as an example, where gradual detection is performed with thelong-distance detection mode as an initial mode, the initial mode maynot be necessarily the long-distance detection mode, and anotherdetection mode such as the position detection mode may be used as theinitial mode.

Moreover, while the display device using a liquid crystal displayelement as a display element has been described in the embodiments andthe like, the invention may be applied to a display device using anotherdisplay element, for example, an organic EL element.

Furthermore, a series of processing described in the embodiments and thelike may be performed by hardware or software. In the case that theseries of processing is performed by software, a program configuring thesoftware is installed in a general-purpose computer or the like. Such aprogram may be beforehand recorded in a recording medium built in acomputer.

The present application contains subject matter related to thatdisclosed in Japanese Priority Patent Application JP2009-155827 filed inthe Japan Patent Office on Jun. 30, 2009 and Japanese Priority PatentApplication JP 2010-050483 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Mar. 8,2010, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by references.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that variousmodifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occurdepending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they arewithin the scope of the appended claims or the equivalent thereof.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A touch sensor comprising: one or moreelectrodes having capacitance, the electrodes including a plurality ofcommon electrodes, and the electrodes having selectable electrodepatterns; a detection circuit configured to apply drive signals to atleast one of the electrodes and to detect an object based on detectionsignals obtained from the electrodes in response to the drive signals:and a controller configured to control operation modes of the touchsensor in accordance with a detection result by the detection circuitand to select the electrode patterns in accordance with the operationmodes, wherein the operation modes include a long-distance detectionmode and a position detection mode, the detection circuit detects theobject being distant from the touch sensor in the long-distancedetection mode, the detection circuit detects a position coordinate ofthe object that contacts or approaches the touch sensor in the positiondetection mode, and in the long-distance detection mode, the controllercauses a pixel voltage of pixel electrodes to be higher than an offvoltage of a gate of a TFT, after applying the drive signals to thecommon electrodes.
 2. The touch sensor according to claim 1, wherein thecontroller increases the number of the electrode patterns in thelong-distance detection mode, and the controller decreases the number ofthe electrode patterns in the position detection mode.